Depth of field (DOF) is a part of photography. It's the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects, which gives a focused image.
A camera can only focus it's lens at a single point, but there's an area that stretches in front of and behind, this focus point will still appear sharp.
DOF has an impact on both the aesthetic and technical quality of a picture. Sometimes you will want to use an extensive depth of field to keep everything sharp.
Aperture
The aperture adjusts the size of the opening through which light passes to the image sensor. The aperture can be opened up to let in more light or closed (stopped down) to let in less.
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